ʻO ka ulu ʻana a me ka manaʻo o ka ʻoihana uila uila haʻahaʻa

1. hoʻohui kū pololei

Inā wehewehe ʻia ka mea hana e like me ka mea hana i nā ʻāpana uila haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ʻo ka mea kūʻai nui loa o nā huahana uila haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ʻo ia ka hale hana piha haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.Kūʻai kēia mau mea hoʻohana waena i nā ʻāpana uila haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, a laila e hōʻuluʻulu iā lākou i nā pūʻulu piha haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e like me ka panel hoʻolaha, pahu hāʻawi mana, panel pale, panel control a laila kūʻai aku i nā mea hoʻohana.

Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ke ʻano hoʻohui kūpaʻa o nā mea hana, ua hoʻohui mau ʻia nā mea hana waena a me nā mea hana ʻāpana: hana wale nā ​​​​mea hana kuʻuna i nā ʻāpana a hoʻomaka hoʻi e hana i nā lako piha, a komo pū nā mea hana kuʻuna kuʻuna i ka hana ʻana i nā mea uila haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ma o ka loaʻa ʻana a ʻaʻa pū.

2., hoʻokahi kāʻei, hoʻokahi alanui e hāpai i ka honua.

ʻO ka hoʻolālā "hoʻokahi kāʻei, hoʻokahi alanui" o Kina e hoʻokele i ka huahana a me ka hoʻopuka kālā o Kina.No laila, e like me kekahi o nā ʻoihana alakaʻi ma Kina, e kōkua ke kulekele a me ke kākoʻo kālā i nā ʻāina ma ka laina e wikiwiki i ke kūkulu ʻana i ka mana mana, a ma ka manawa like, ua wehe ʻo ia i kahi mākeke ākea no ka lawe ʻana i nā lako mana o Kina, a Loaʻa ka pōmaikaʻi o nā ʻoihana kūkulu hale pili pili a me nā lako uila.

ʻO ke kūkulu ʻana i ka mana o nā ʻāina e ulu ana ma Asia Hikina Hema, Central Asia, West Asia, Africa a me ʻAmelika ʻAmelika i hope.Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka hoʻokele waiwai o ka ʻāina a me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka uila, pono e wikiwiki i ke kūkulu ʻana i ka mana mana.I ka manawa like, ua hoʻi hope ka ʻenehana o nā ʻoihana lako kūloko i nā ʻāina e ulu nei, a ua kiʻekiʻe ka hilinaʻi o ka lawe ʻana mai, a ʻaʻohe manaʻo o ka palekana kūloko.

Ma ka wikiwiki loa, ʻo nā ʻoihana Kina i hoʻokahi kāʻei, hoʻokahi alanui, a ʻo kekahi, ʻo ka hopena spillover e hoʻolalelale i ka wikiwiki o ka honua.Ua hoʻopili mau ka moku'āina i ka mea nui i ka lawe ʻana aku i nā lako uila haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, a ua hāʻawi i ke kākoʻo a me ka paipai ʻana i nā kulekele, e like me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka ʻauhau, ka hoʻomaha ʻana i ke kuleana e lawe mai a hoʻokuʻu aku i ka hana ponoʻī, etc. maikaʻi loa ke kaiapuni kulekele no ka lawe ʻana aku i nā huahana uila haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.

3. ka hoʻololi ʻana mai ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe

I nā makahiki 5-10 i hala iho nei, e ʻike ka ʻoihana uila haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i ke ʻano mai ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a hiki i ka uila a me ke kiʻekiʻe, nā huahana analog i nā huahana kikohoʻe, kūʻai aku i nā huahana e hoʻopau i ka ʻenekinia, waena a haʻahaʻa i waena a kiʻekiʻe, a e hoʻomaikaʻi nui ʻia ka manaʻo.

Me ka hoʻonui ʻana o nā lako ukana nui a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana, i mea e hōʻemi ai i ka nalowale o ka laina, nui nā ʻāina e hoʻoikaika ikaika i ka volta 660V i ka mining, petroleum, ʻoihana kemika a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe.Manaʻo ikaika ka International Electrotechnical Commission i ka 660V a me 1000V ma ke ʻano he uila uila.

Ua hoʻohana ʻo Kina i ka volta 660V i ka ʻoihana mining.I ka wā e hiki mai ana, e hoʻomaikaʻi hou ʻia ka volta helu, kahi e pani ai i ka "MV" kumu.Ua ʻae pū ka hui Kelemania ma Mannheim e hoʻokiʻekiʻe i ka pae haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i 2000V.

4. ka mea hana a me ka hana hou

Loaʻa i nā ʻoihana uila uila haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i lawa ka hiki ke kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa a me ka nele o ka hoʻokūkū mākeke kiʻekiʻe.I ka wā e hiki mai ana, pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā mea uila uila haʻahaʻa mai ke ʻano o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana.I ka manawa like, pono e noʻonoʻo i ka hopena holoʻokoʻa o ka ʻōnaehana, a mai ka ʻōnaehana i nā ʻāpana āpau o ka puʻunaue, pale a me ka hoʻomalu, mai ka ikaika a nāwaliwali.

ʻO ka hanauna hou o nā mea uila uila haʻahaʻa akamai nā hiʻohiʻona kupaianaha o ka hana kiʻekiʻe, multi-function, liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, hilinaʻi kiʻekiʻe, pale ʻōmaʻomaʻo kaiapuni, mālama i ka ikehu a me ka mālama waiwai, i waena o ka hanauna hou o ka honua holoʻokoʻa breaker, plastic case breaker. a me ke kaapuni kaapuni me ka pale koho hiki ke hoʻomaopopo i ka piha piha o ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa puʻupuʻu pūnaewele ma Kina (me ka terminal distribution system) ʻO ka pale koho koho piha o kēia manawa e hāʻawi i ke kumu no ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hilinaʻi o ka ʻōnaehana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, a he ākea loa. ka manaʻolana hoʻomohala ma waena a me ka mākeke kiʻekiʻe.

Eia kekahi, ʻo nā mea hoʻopili hou o ka hanauna hou, ka hanauna hou ATSE, ka hanauna hou SPD a me nā papahana ʻē aʻe e hoʻoikaika pū ana i ka R & D, kahi i hoʻohui i ka ikaika hope e alakaʻi i ka ʻoihana e hoʻoikaika ikaika i ka hana hou kūʻokoʻa o ka ʻoihana a me ka wikiwiki i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka uila uila haʻahaʻa. ʻoihana.

ʻO nā huahana uila uila haʻahaʻa i kālele ʻia i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka hana kiʻekiʻe, ka hilinaʻi kiʻekiʻe, ka naʻauao, ka modularization a me ka pale ʻana i ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo;I ka ʻenehana hana, ua hoʻomaka e hoʻololi e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pae ʻenehana ʻoihana;I ke kaʻina hana o nā ʻāpana, ua hoʻomaka e hoʻololi i ka wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe, automation a me ka loea;Ma ke ʻano o ka hiʻohiʻona huahana, ua hoʻomaka ia e hoʻololi i ke kanaka a me ka aesthetics.

5. digitalization, networking, intelligence and connection

ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana hou ua hoʻokomo i ka ikaika hou i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā huahana uila haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.I ka wā o nā mea a pau i pili a naʻauao, hiki ke alakaʻi i kahi "hoʻololi" hou o nā huahana uila haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.

ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻenehana like ʻole, e like me "Internet of things", "Internet of things", "global energy Internet", "industry 4.0", "smart grid, smart home", e ʻike i ka "pili hope" o nā ʻano like ʻole. o na mea, a hoomaopopo i ka hoonohonoho ana o na mea a pau, ka pili ana o na mea a pau, ka naauao o na mea a pau a me ka noonoo o na mea a pau;A ma o ka hoʻohui ʻana a me ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka ʻike hui a me ka hoʻonohonoho hui ʻana, lilo ia i ka ʻōnaehana nerve waena e pili ana i ka hana kūpono o ka nohona kanaka hou.

ʻO nā mea uila uila haʻahaʻa he kuleana nui i kēia hoʻololi, e pāʻani i ke kuleana o ka mea hoʻohui o nā mea āpau, a hiki ke hoʻohui i nā mea āpau a me nā mokupuni a me nā mea a pau i loko o kahi ʻōnaehana kaiaola hui.I mea e ʻike ai i ka pilina ma waena o nā mea uila uila haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka ʻoihana pūnaewele, ʻekolu mau papahana i hoʻohana maʻamau.

ʻO ka mea mua, ʻo ia ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi mea uila uila hou, i hoʻopili ʻia ma waena o ka pūnaewele a me nā ʻāpana uila haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa maʻamau;

ʻO ka lua, ʻo ia ka loaʻa ʻana a hoʻohui ʻana i ka hana o ke kikowaena pūnaewele kamepiula ma nā huahana kuʻuna;

ʻO ke kolu, ʻo ia ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea hana uila hou me ke kikowaena kamepiula a me ka hana kamaʻilio pololei.ʻO nā koi kumu no nā mea uila hiki ke kamaʻilio pū me: me ka pilina pili;Hoʻohālikelike o ka protocol kamaʻilio;Hiki ke kau pololei ia ma ke kaʻa;E hoʻokō i nā kūlana uila haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa kūpono a me nā koi EMC kūpono.

Ma muli o kāna mau hiʻohiʻona ponoʻī a me kāna kuleana i ka pūnaewele, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea uila e hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia i nā ʻāpana: ① nā hāmeʻa interface, e like me ASI interface module, distributed i/o interface, a me network interface.② Loaʻa iā ia nā mea uila a me ka hana kamaʻilio.③ He ʻāpana e lawelawe ana i kahi pūnaewele kamepiula.E like me ka pahi kaʻa, address encoder, addressing unit, load feed module, etc.

6. ʻo ka hā o nā mea hana uila uila haʻahaʻa e lilo i mea nui

ʻO ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā huahana uila uila haʻahaʻa ma Kina ua ʻike i ka lele ʻana mai ka hoʻolālā hoʻohālike i ka hoʻolālā kūʻokoʻa.

Ma waho aʻe o ka hoʻoili ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona o ke kolu o ka hanauna, ʻo ka haʻahaʻa o ka hanauna haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa nā huahana uila e hoʻonui i nā ʻano akamai, a loaʻa pū kekahi i nā hiʻohiʻona o ka hana kiʻekiʻe, multi-function, miniaturization, hilinaʻi kiʻekiʻe, pale kūlohelohe ʻōmaʻomaʻo, mālama i ka ikehu a me nā mea waiwai. hoopakele ana.

ʻO ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka hā o nā mea uila uila haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ma Kina ka mea nui o ka ʻoihana i ka wā e hiki mai ana.ʻO ka hā o nā mea hana uila uila haʻahaʻa he mea me ka ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe.ʻAʻole maʻalahi ke kope.Loaʻa i kēia mau ʻenehana ka nui o nā kuleana waiwai naʻauao, kahi i hiki ʻole ai i nā mea hana ke hana hou i ke ʻano kahiko o ke kope ʻana i nā mea ʻē aʻe.

ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua ikaika loa ka hoʻokūkū o nā mākeke uila uila haʻahaʻa ma ka home a ma waho.I ka hopena o nā makahiki 1990, ua hoʻomohala a hoʻolaha ʻia ke kolu o ka hanauna o nā huahana uila haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ma Kina.Ua hoʻokumu ʻo Schneider, Siemens, abb, Ge, Mitsubishi, Muller, Fuji a me nā mea hana nui ʻē aʻe o nā mea hana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i ka hā o nā huahana o ka hanauna.Ua hana nā huahana i nā holomua hou i nā hōʻailona ʻenehana a me ka hoʻokele waiwai, ka hoʻolālā huahana a me ke koho ʻana i nā mea, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻenehana hou.

7. ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻenehana huahana a me ka hana

ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea uila uila haʻahaʻa e pili ana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hoʻokele waiwai o ka ʻāina a me nā pono o ka automation ʻoihana hou, a me ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻenehana hou, nā kaʻina hana hou a me nā mea hou.I kēia manawa, ke ulu nei nā huahana uila haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i ke ala o ka hana kiʻekiʻe, hilinaʻi kiʻekiʻe, miniaturization, digital modeling, modularization, hui pū ʻana, electronics, intelligence, communication and parts generalization.

ʻO ka maikaʻi o ka huahana ke kumu o ka hoʻomohala ʻana a pau.Pono e hoʻokō i nā koi o ka hana maikaʻi loa, ka hana hilinaʻi, ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, ka hoʻolālā hui ʻana, ke kamaʻilio ʻana, ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu a me ka mālama ʻana i ke kaiapuni, a loaʻa iā ia nā hana o ka pale, ka nānā ʻana, ke kamaʻilio ʻana, ka ʻike pilikino, hōʻike, etc.

Nui nā ʻenehana hou e pili ana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea uila uila haʻahaʻa, e like me ka ʻenehana hoʻolālā hou, ʻenehana microelectronics, ʻenehana kamepiula, ʻenehana pūnaewele, ʻenehana kamaʻilio, ʻenehana akamai, ʻenehana hilinaʻi, ʻenehana hoʻāʻo, etc.

Eia kekahi, pono e kālele ʻia ka ʻenehana hou o ka pale o kēia manawa.E hoʻololi maoli ia i ka manaʻo koho o ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa kaapuni.I kēia manawa, ʻoiai ʻo Kina ka ʻōnaehana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me nā lako uila haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa he pale koho, ʻaʻole i pau ka pale koho.ʻO ka manaʻo o ka pale koho piha piha a me ka pale koho piha (full selective protection) i manaʻo ʻia no ka hanauna hou o nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.

8. makeke shuffle

ʻO nā mea hana uila haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa me ka ʻole o ka mana hou, ka ʻenehana hoʻolālā huahana, ka mana hana a me nā mea hana i hope e hoʻopau ʻia i ka ʻoihana shuffling.Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ke kolu o ka hanauna a me ka ʻehā o ka hanauna waena a me nā huahana uila haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe i loaʻa i kā lākou hiki ke hana hou.E ʻike hou ʻia nā ʻoihana me nā mea hana hana kiʻekiʻe i ka hoʻokūkū mākeke, E hoʻomaikaʻi hou ʻia ka neʻe ʻana o ka ʻoihana uila haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me nā huahana.E hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka poʻe e noho ana i ka ʻoihana i ʻelua mau pae: ʻoihana liʻiliʻi a me ka laulā nui.

Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka mea mua ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻopiha mākeke, a hoʻomau i ka hoʻohui ʻana i kāna mākeke huahana ʻoihana ponoʻī;E hoʻomau ka mea hope i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka māhele mākeke, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka laina huahana a hoʻoikaika e hāʻawi i nā lawelawe piha no nā mea hoʻohana.

E haʻalele kekahi i ka ʻoihana a komo i nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe me ka loaʻa kālā kiʻekiʻe.Nui nō hoʻi nā mea hana liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, e nalowale ana i ka hoʻokūkū mākeke ikaika.ʻO ke one ke aliʻi.

9. alakaʻi hoʻomohala ʻana i ke kūlana kūlana o nā mea uila uila haʻahaʻa

Me ka hoʻonui a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā huahana uila uila haʻahaʻa, e hoʻomaikaʻi mālie ʻia ka ʻōnaehana maʻamau.

I ka wā e hiki mai ana, e hōʻike nui ʻia ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā huahana uila haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e like me ka ʻike huahana, a pono ka mākeke i nā huahana uila haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe a naʻauao, a pono ia i nā huahana e loaʻa ka pale, ka nānā ʻana, ka hoʻāʻo ʻana, ka ʻike ponoʻī, hōʻike. a me nā hana ʻē aʻe;Me ka pilina kamaʻilio, hiki iā ia ke kamaʻilio me nā Fieldbus he nui ma nā ala ʻelua, a ʻike i ka kamaʻilio a me ka pūnaewele o nā lako uila uila haʻahaʻa;Hoʻokō i ka hoʻolālā hilinaʻi, kaohi i ka hilinaʻi (hoʻoikaika ikaika i ka mīkini hoʻāʻo pūnaewele) a me ka nānā ʻana i ka hale hana hilinaʻi i ka wā o ka hana ʻana o ka huahana, ʻoi aku ka manaʻo o ka hilinaʻi a me nā koi EMC o nā mea uila;Pono e hoʻoikaika ʻia ka palekana o ke kaiapuni a me ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu, a pono e hoʻomohala ʻia nā huahana "'ōmaʻomaʻo" me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu.

Ma ka laina me ka ulu ʻana, pono e aʻo koke ʻia nā kūlana ʻenehana ʻehā:

1) Hiki ke uhi i ka huahana hou loa i ka hana piha, me ka hana ʻenehana, ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hana, ka mālama ʻana i nā hana ʻenehana;

2) ʻO ke kūlana o ka kamaʻilio huahana a me ka hana huahana a me nā koi kamaʻilio e hui pū ʻia e hana i nā huahana i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka interoperability;

3) E hoʻokumu i nā kūlana hilinaʻi a me nā ʻano hoʻāʻo o nā huahana pili e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hilinaʻi o ka huahana a me ka maikaʻi o ka huahana, a e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻokūkū o nā huahana haole;

4) No ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā kūlana hoʻolālā hoʻolālā ʻike kaiapuni a me nā kūlana pono o ka ikehu no nā huahana uila haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, alakaʻi a hoʻohālikelike i ka hana ʻana a me ka hana ʻana i ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu a me ka mālama ʻana i ke kaiapuni "nā lako ʻōmaʻomaʻo".

10. Hoʻololi ʻōmaʻomaʻo

ʻO ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo o ke kalapona haʻahaʻa, ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu, ka mālama ʻana i nā mea a me ka mālama ʻana i ke kaiapuni i loaʻa ka hopena nui i ka honua.Ke ulu nui nei ka pilikia palekana kaiaola honua i hōʻike ʻia e ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke aniau, kahi e alakaʻi ai i ka hoʻololi kumu o ke ʻano hoʻokele waiwai a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka honua.Ua lilo ka ʻenehana uila haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe a me ka ʻenehana hoʻopakele ikehu i ka palena o ka ʻepekema honua a me ka hoʻomohala ʻenehana a me ke kahua wela o ka hoʻokūkū ʻenehana.

No nā mea hoʻohana maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a me ke kumukūʻai o nā mea uila uila haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka nānā ʻana i ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu a me ka hana palekana o nā huahana.

Eia kekahi, koi ka moku'āina i ka mālama ʻana i ke kaiapuni a me ka hoʻōla ʻana i ka ikehu o nā huahana uila haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i hoʻohana ʻia e nā ʻoihana a me nā mea hoʻohana hale hana.I ka wā e hiki mai ana, ʻoi aku ka ikaika a me ka ikaika o ia mau palena.

He ʻano ia ke kūkulu ʻana i nā mea hana hoʻopakele ikehu ʻōmaʻomaʻo me ka hoʻokūkū koʻikoʻi a hāʻawi i nā mea kūʻai aku i nā ʻōnaehana uila palekana, naʻauao a ʻōmaʻomaʻo.

ʻO ka hiki ʻana mai o ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo e lawe mai i ka paʻakikī a me ka manawa kūpono i nā mea hana i ka ʻoihana uila haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.